tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-70377871642039458342024-02-18T23:05:16.517-08:00Periods of Classical MusicDianahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18278909376640653053noreply@blogger.comBlogger8125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7037787164203945834.post-60940384183776757512011-02-28T09:38:00.000-08:002011-02-28T09:38:54.452-08:0020th Century Music<div style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Why do musical styles change? The evolution of musical styles is certainly somewhat a result of the influence individual composers have on one another. Unfortunately, this influence isn't always positive. Sometimes, the work of a composer is a reaction against the style practiced by his predecessors, even when theyadmire the music they produced. An example of this could be drawn from the relationship of the Classical era to the Baroque era which it followed, personified by the relationship of the music of J.S. Bach and his sons.</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><a href="http://archiv.radio.cz/pictures/hudba/7/schoenberg.jpg"></a></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The late Romantic era had its extremes: it seems that it used the greatest possible extent of harmonies and melodies and that the progression of the art had reached the limits of possibility. It's certainly possible to see the music of the 20th century as a continuation of the Romantic style, but it can also be interpreted as a reaction against Romanticism.</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The music of the 20th century is a series of 'isms' and 'neo-isms'. The rough energy of Stravinsky's</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The Rite of Spring</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">was labelled neoprimitivism; the extreme emotional tones of early Schönberg were given the label expressionism; the return to cleanly structured forms and textrues was called neoclassicism. All of these labels came (and are coming) as an attempt at orientation in the heterorogenous world of music in the 20th century.</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">During the first half of the 20th century, nationalism continued to have a large influence, the study of folk songs enriched the nusic of many composers, such as that of Ralph Vaughan Williams (England), Bela Bartok (Hungary), Heitor Villa Lobos (Brazil) and Aaron Copland (USA). Jazz and popular music also had a strong influence on many "serious" composers, whether in America or Europe.</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The advance of technology has also had an enormous impact on the evolution of music in this century, with some composers using, for instance, the cassette player as a compositional tool (ie.</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Violin Phase</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">by Steve Reich), or electronically generated sounds alongside classical instruments, the use of computers to compose music, and so on.</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
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</span></o:p></span></b></div>Dianahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18278909376640653053noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7037787164203945834.post-22973893711612739612011-02-28T09:35:00.000-08:002011-02-28T09:35:56.747-08:00Romantic Music<div style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Just as the word "Classic" brings to mind certain concepts, the word "romantic" is even more evocative. Such examples as Victor Hugo's "Les Miserables" and the paintings of Delacroix - Romaticism implies fantasy, spontaneity and sensitivity.</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The Classical period was oriented towards structural clarity and emotional restraint. Classical music was expressive, but not so passionate that it became unbalanced. Beethoven, who was actually responsible for "lighting the flame of Romanticism" and is considered a bridge between the eras, always fought (not always successfully) for maintaining the equilibrium of a piece. Most composers of the Romantic period followed this model of Beethoven's and looked for their own balance between emotional intensity and classical form. "Musical story-telling" also started to play a not negligible role, with pieces having to express some factual content, not only in opera but in purely instrumental compositions. The genre of the symphonic poem was brought to the fore during the Romantic era. In its performance, a conposition had to set a scene, and then tell a story from that scene.</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><a href="http://archiv.radio.cz/pictures/hudba/6/dvorak.jpg"></a>The color of sound is a characteristic, expressive device of Romantic music. New instruments, never before featured there, found their way into orchestras and composers experimented with new ways of wresting new sounds out of old instruments. A large pallet of the colors of sound, necessary for expressing exotic scenes, was an element no composer's technique could be without. Exoticness was an obsession of the 19th century. Russian composers wrote music describing the Spanish countryside (ie. Capriccio Espagnol by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakoff) and German composers about Scotland (ie. Mendelssohn's Scottish Symphony). The stories in opera were also mostly set in exotic localities, such as Verdi's "Aida" in Ancient Egypt.</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Another new element brought to music by the Romantic period was the appropriation of folk music for Classical music. Nationalism became a driving force in the later Romantic period, with composers trying to express their cultural identity through their music. These trends were mostly apparent in Russia and the countries of Eastern Europe, where elements of folk songs even became parts of symphonies, symphonic poems and other forms.</span></div><div style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The Romantic era was a paradise of virtuosos. Exceptional talents of interpretation were extremely popular. Franz Liszt, a Hungarian pianist and composer, played the piano with such vigour and passion that women fainted. Because so many of the authors of this period were such virtuosos, the music that they wrote is also very demanding in its technical execution.</span></div><br />
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</span></span></div>Dianahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18278909376640653053noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7037787164203945834.post-30810525388679928742011-02-28T09:22:00.000-08:002011-02-28T09:31:21.366-08:00Classical Music<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The dates of the</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Classical Period</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">in Western music are generally accepted as being between about 1750 and 1830. However, the term</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><i><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">classical music</span></span></i><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">is used colloquially to describe a variety of Western musical styles from the ninth century to the present, and especially from the sixteenth or seventeenth to the nineteenth. This article is about the specific period from 1750 to 1830.</span></div><div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The Classical period falls between the</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Baroque</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">and the</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Romantic</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">periods. The best known</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">composers from this period are</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Joseph Haydn</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">,</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">,</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ludwig van Beethoven</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">, and</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Franz Schubert</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">; other notable names include</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Luigi Boccherini</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">,</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Muzio Clementi</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">,</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Antonio Soler</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">,</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Antonio Salieri</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">, </span><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">François Joseph Gossec</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">,</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Johann Stamitz</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">,</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Carl Friedrich Abel</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">,</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">, Johann Christian, and</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Christoph Willibald Gluck</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">. </span><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">It's a bit of an irony that two of J.S. Bach's children, Carl Philipp Emanuel (C.P.E.) a Johann Christian (J.C.), belonged among the leaders of the new Classical movement. Their father was the greatest figure in the Baroque style and thanks to the new era of his children, he became old-fashioned.</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span></div><div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><b><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Main Characteristics<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ELVIRA~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Classical music has a lighter, clearer texture than</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Baroque</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">music and is less complex. It is mainly</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">homophonic</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">— </span><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">music where the melody and accompaniment are clearly distinct - was the main style during the classical era; new genres were discovered that completed the transformation from the Baroque era to the Classical </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">(but</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">counterpoint</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">is by no means forgotten, especially later in the period).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ELVIRA~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Variety and contrast within a piece became more pronounced than before. Variety of keys, melodies, rhythms and dynamics (using</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">crescendo</span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">,</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">diminuendo</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">and</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">sforzando</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">), along with frequent changes of mood and timbre were more commonplace in the Classical period than they had been in the Baroque. Melodies tended to be shorter than those of Baroque music, with clear-cut phrases and clearly marked</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">cadences</span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ELVIRA~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Orchestra</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">increased in size and range; the </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">harpsichord</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">continuo fell out of use, and the</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">woodwind</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">became a self-contained section. As a solo instrument, the</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">harpsichord</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">was replaced by the</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">piano</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">(or</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">fortepiano</span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">). Early piano music was light in texture, often with</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Alberti bass</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">accompaniment, but it later became richer, more sonorous and more powerful.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ELVIRA~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Importance was given to instrumental music — the main kinds were</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">sonata</span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">, trio,</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">string quartet</span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">,</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">symphony</span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">,</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;"><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">concerto</span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">,</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">serenade</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">and </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">divertimento</span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">.</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Sonata form developed and became the most important form. It was used to build up the first movement of the most </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">large-scale works, but also other movements and single pieces (such as</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">overtures</span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">).</span></span></span></span></span></span></div></div></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">One of the most important "evolutionary steps" made in the Classical period was the development of public concerts. Although the aristocracy would still play a significant sponsoring role in musical life, it was now possible for composers to survive without being the permanent employee of some noble or his family. It also meant that concerts weren't limited to the salons and celebrations of aristocratic palaces. The increasing popularity of public concerts led to a growth in the popularity of the orchestra as well, to the enlargement in the number of musicians and the number of orchestras overall. Although chamber music was still performed, the expansion of orchestral concerts necessitated large public spaces. As a result of all these processes, symphonic music (including opera and oratoria) became more extroverted in character.</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/SRwDdZ7Rlgo?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br />
</div>Dianahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18278909376640653053noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7037787164203945834.post-29388390984649004412011-02-28T09:15:00.000-08:002011-02-28T09:16:45.685-08:00Baroque Music<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"></span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;">If the eras of musical evolution were to be compared to the eras of evolution in architecture, then the Middle Ages would be symbolized by the Notre Dame cathedral in Paris, the Renaissance by a Florentine building, and the Baroque by Louis XIV's palace at Versailles. Baroque music is very rich and textured, especially in comparison with the music that came before it.</span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Baroque music</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;">describes a style of</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;">European classical music</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;">approximately extending from</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span style="text-decoration: none;">1600 to 1750</span>.<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> This era is said to begin in</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;">music</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;">after the</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;">Renaissance</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;">and was followed by the</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;">Classical era</span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;">. The word "</span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;">baroque</span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;">" came from the Portuguese word</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><i><span style="line-height: 115%;">barroco</span></i></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;">, meaning "misshapen pearl",<sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></sup>a strikingly fitting characterization of the</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;">architecture of this period</span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;">; later, the name came to be applied also to its music. Baroque music forms a major portion of the classical music canon, being widely studied, performed, and listened to. Composers of the baroque era include</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;">Johann Sebastian Bach</span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;">,</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;">George Frideric Handel</span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;">,</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;">Alessandro Scarlatti</span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;">,</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;">Antonio Vivaldi</span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;">,</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;">Jean-Baptiste Lully</span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;">,</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">Arcangelo </span><span style="text-decoration: none;">Corelli</span>,</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;">Claudio Monteverdi</span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;">,</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;">Jean-Philippe Rameau</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;">and</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;">Henry Purcell</span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;">. The baroque period saw the development of</span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;">functional tonality</span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;">. During the period, composers and performers used more elaborate musical ornamentation, made changes in musical notation, and developed new instrumental playing techniques. Baroque music expanded the size, range, and complexity of instrumental performance, and also established</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;">opera</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;">as a musical genre. Many musical terms and concepts from this era are still in use today.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="line-height: 115%;">Difference between Baroque and Renaissance<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;">A general differences between Baroque and Renaissance style. Baroque music was more often written for virtuoso singers and instrumentalists and is characteristically harder to perform than Renaissance music, although idiomatic instrumental writing was one of the most important innovations of the period. Baroque music employs a great deal of ornamentation, which was often improvised by the performer. Instruments came to play a greater part in Baroque music, and a cappella (in church style) vocal music receeded in importance.</span></span></div></span>Dianahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18278909376640653053noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7037787164203945834.post-59201210038872733912011-02-28T09:05:00.000-08:002011-02-28T09:05:02.737-08:00Renaissance Music<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Renaissance music</span></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">is European music</span></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">written during the</span></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Renaissance.</span></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Defining the beginning of the musical era is difficult</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">, given the gradually adopted "Renaissance" characteristics: musicologists have placed its beginnings from as early as 1300 to as late as the 1470s.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div><div style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The growing emphasis on individualism during the Renaissance began a change of status for composers of music in society. Unlike their medieval predecessors, Renaissance composers were recognized more often during their lifetimes. The technology of printing permitted a much wider distribution of their works and enabled a larger public into the study of music.</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Even when spiritual music was still in a dominant position, secular music was becoming more common and its forms more cultivated than in the previous era. The repertoire of instrumental music became more varied, along with the invention of new instruments - such as the clavichord and the virginal (a keyed instrument resembling the harpsichord) - and many of the instruments of the period were improved.</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Masses and motels were the main forms of the spiritual vocal polyphony. Secular vocal forms included motets, madrigals, and songs (mostly accompanied by the lute or a small orchetra). Instrumental works were largely short polyphonies, or dancing music.</span></span></div><div style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpuO4rt40IFHz1ufmHbCBOuBLG3v2QIbC9JeLk0jMOhyphenhyphen_hF8N6Ymkus_41n8Fg3vTpDcyisJdmoLQ1XkNoATvvMxENnvRHnn79w2Co2LN0hGezS3v8yG32mWWDmZtJzuE6OVIhuzxf6rk/s1600/lute.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><img border="0" height="182" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpuO4rt40IFHz1ufmHbCBOuBLG3v2QIbC9JeLk0jMOhyphenhyphen_hF8N6Ymkus_41n8Fg3vTpDcyisJdmoLQ1XkNoATvvMxENnvRHnn79w2Co2LN0hGezS3v8yG32mWWDmZtJzuE6OVIhuzxf6rk/s320/lute.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Lute</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><div style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">In comparison with medieval music, Renaissance harmony was more unrestrained and more expressive - the period between Josquin Deprez and Palestrina is known as "the golden age of polyphony." Imitation - where one musical line shares or imitates the same musical theme of the preceeding line - became an important polyphonic technique. Imitation was used to introduce complexitities by simpler means and at the same time give listeners the ability to perceive the structureof the composition. Polyphonic imitation can be heard in the masses and motets of practically all the composers beginning with Desprez, and in the instrumantal music of William Byrd, Orlando Gibbons, and Andrea and Giovanni Gabrielli.</div></span>Dianahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18278909376640653053noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7037787164203945834.post-43430998966122337102011-02-27T08:31:00.000-08:002011-02-28T07:57:33.220-08:00Medieval Music<div class="MsoNormal"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Medieval music is European music written during the Middle Ages. This era begins with the fall of the Roman Empire, roughly AD 476 to 1473. It is in the Middle Ages that the spread of Christianity and the rise of the Catholic Church occurred. Music was primarily written for the church. The cathedrals were the center of the musical life, and composers proliferated as employees of the church authorities. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Plainsong and the Birth of Church Music</span></span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The first church music was called "plainsong" which was a single line of notes that was chanted without any instruments. As music developed, it gradually became complicated. As in any enhancement or progression, other lines were added to the original one-line of notes. The resulting composition was called "organum." Generally, an organum is a plainsong melody with at least one voice added to enhance the harmony. If effect, organum was the first music that exhibited harmony.</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">An interesting piece of music from the Medieval Period which lasted from around AD 400-1300 is widely known as the "Song of the Ass" since it was used in the play showing the mother of Jesus, the Virgin Mary, riding into the Cathedral on an ass (donkey). A related account goes that during this period an annual holiday was celebrated to represent the Virgin Mary's flight to Egypt.</span></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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</span> </span></span></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/ajUo2SEJ8E8?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span> </span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span> </span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Marking the End of Medieval Period</span></b></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">As often seen at the end of any musical era, the end of the medieval era is marked by a highly manneristic style known as</span></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ars subtilior</span></span></i></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">. In some ways, this was an attempt to meld the French and Italian styles. This music was highly stylized, with a rhythmic complexity that was not matched until the 20th century. In fact, not only was the rhythmic complexity of this repertoire largely unmatched for five and a half centuries, with extreme syncopations, mensural trickery, and even examples of</span></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">augenmusik</span></span></i></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">(such as a chanson by</span></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Baude Cordier</span></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">written out in manuscript in the shape of a heart), but also its melodic material was quite complex as well, particularly in its interaction with the rhythmic structures.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_x5gFjIoHoIekRBXZ5v5XbMQI6LQgJQ8W1x4BbXqfdeMHTBZVef-RZI_yy5KksApzLj1lgwJnNyj-FsR5YHERn56LRXlGaaZOrl7F5WUS4Z0SnV7IZEl-9CYHrtUwL9LKGsWT7gVQESc/s1600/Cganson+Belle.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_x5gFjIoHoIekRBXZ5v5XbMQI6LQgJQ8W1x4BbXqfdeMHTBZVef-RZI_yy5KksApzLj1lgwJnNyj-FsR5YHERn56LRXlGaaZOrl7F5WUS4Z0SnV7IZEl-9CYHrtUwL9LKGsWT7gVQESc/s320/Cganson+Belle.jpg" width="276" /></span></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The chanson </span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Belle, bonne, sage</span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> by </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Baude Cordier</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">, an </span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ars subtilior</span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> piece included in the </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Chantilly Codex</span></span></div>Dianahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18278909376640653053noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7037787164203945834.post-66159810604368082172011-02-26T08:49:00.000-08:002011-02-28T07:49:44.671-08:00Introduction about Classical Music<div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The term </span><i><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">classical music</span></span></b></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0c343d;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">originates from the Latin term </span><i><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">classicus</span></span></b></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">, meaning taxpayer of the higher class. Slowly, after making its way through the French, German, and English languages, one of the earliest definitions of the word meant "classical, formal, in due or fit rank; also approved, authentical, principal". Today, classical music is defined as "of, relating to, or being music in the educated European tradition that includes such forms as art song, chamber music, opera, and symphony as distinguished from folk or popular music or jazz."</span></div></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span> </div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In classical music, there is 6 periods which is divided by stylistic differences:</span></div><div><ol><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Before 1400 - </span><i><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Medieval</span></span></b></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> - characterized by Gregorian chant, mostly religious</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">1400-1600 - </span><i><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Renaissance</span></span></b></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> - increase of secular music, madrigals, and art song</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">1600-1760 - </span><i><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Baroque</span></span></b></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> - known for its intricate</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">1750-1830 - </span><i><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Classical</span></span></b></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> - balance and structure</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">1815-1910 - </span><i><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Romantic</span></span></b></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> - emotional, large, programmatic</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Beyond 1900 - </span><i><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">20th Century</span></span></b></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> - limitless</span></li>
</ol><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The dates are generalizations, since the periods overlapped and the categories are somewhat arbitrary. For example, the use of counterpoint and fugue, which is considered characteristics of the Baroque era, was continued by </span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Hadyn</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">, who is classified as typical of the Classical period. </span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Beethoven</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">, who is often described as a founder of the Romantic period, and </span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Brahms</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">, who is classifies as Romantic, also used counterpoint and fugue, but other characteristics of their music define their period.</span></div></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The prefix neo is used to describe a 20th century or contemporary composition written in the style of an earlier period, such as Classical or Romantic. </span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Stravinsky's Pulcinella</span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">, for example, is a neoclassical composition because it is stylistically similar to works of the Classical period.</span></div></div>Dianahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18278909376640653053noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7037787164203945834.post-66131783607663751552011-02-15T23:35:00.001-08:002011-02-15T23:35:55.618-08:00Moshi-moshi!!!!Moshi-moshi minna-sannn!!!!!! atashi wa Diana. YOROSHIKU NAAAAAA!!!!Dianahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18278909376640653053noreply@blogger.com0